A5.+Compare+the+development+of+traditions,+institutions+and+technologies+in+the+major+civilizations+of+the+east+(China,+India)+and+the+west+(Greece,+Rome)

**// China: //**
//**Traditions**// //**India:**//
 * Buddhism (see India)
 * Spread from birthplace in India
 * Confucianism
 * Belief system founded by the scholar/philosopher Confucius
 * Depended upon family relationships to maintain society
 * Main idea to develop moral perfection
 * Patriarchal Society
 * No national religion
 * //Institutions//**
 * Dynastic Cycle
 * China was ruled by familial Dynasties, which rose to power via military exertion
 * New ruler unites China, begins dynasty, and gets the Mandate of Heaven
 * Prosperity
 * Population increase
 * Leader corruption
 * Natural disaster and famine
 * Civil war
 * Loss of Mandate
 * Decrease population
 * Warring states period
 * Mandate of heaven (approval of the gods): ruled the dynastic cycle, when the mandate of heaven was lost the power was turned to a new dynasty
 * //Technologies//**
 * Bronze-working and Metallurgy gave China a significant advantage in weaponry, as well as
 * Advancements in agriculture swelled population
 * Medicine (herbal medicine)
 * "Time-keeping" devices (for math and astronomy)
 * Compass
 * Gunpowder
 * Paper making
 * Printing


 * //Traditions//**


 * Buddhism
 * Founded by Siddhartha Guatama, who gave up material things to become Buddha
 * Buddhist doctrine or //Dharma//
 * Spiritual goal is Nirvana, a perfect spiritual understanding.
 * [|Eightfold Path] is used to gain enlightenment
 * Hinduism
 * Sacred texts such as the //Bhagavad Gita//
 * Beliefs included ethics, and promised salvation for following the Caste System
 * Patriarchal Society
 * //Institutions//**
 * Switched back and forth between forms of goverment: empires and regional kingdoms
 * Caste system was used to organize society but was not rigid and unchangable, adapted to changes such as migrants moving into society
 * //Technologies//**
 * Demand for manufactured goods was very high, made things such as pots, textiles, iron tools, and other metal utensils, as well as luxury goods for the wealthy
 * Learned patterns of monsons and used this knowledge for agricultural and transportation purposes, used boats called dhows
 * Wheel carts
 * Plumbing (with pipes)

__**THE WEST: Greece & Rome**__
Greece: //**


 * //Traditions//**
 * Beleived in many gods (polytheistic)
 * Created myths~ they explained the world and the forces that shape it
 * Fesitvals
 * Featured athletic, literary, or musical contests in which they sought glory for their polis
 * Olympic games
 * Winners would receive olive wreaths and become celebrated heroes in their home polis
 * Patriarcal family structure
 * Had heavy labor slaves as well as slaves who worked at lighter tasks as domestic servants
 * //Institutions//**
 * The city-state, or polis
 * Three main forms of government:
 * Monarchy (ex. Corinth)
 * Oligarchy (ex. Sparta)
 * Democracy (ex. Athens)

In early Greece (Minoan and Mycenean societies)... military technology... from the Hellenistic era... Literature... Other..
 * //Technologies//**
 * 2,000-1700 B.C.E.: inhabitants of Crete built a series of **lavish palaces** throughout the island (centers of Minoan society). ex. complex at Knossos w/ frescoes
 * **Line****ar A** (script where written symbols stood for syllables) kept records of commercial and economic matters. created during Minoan society.
 * **Linear B** (syllabic script) created during Mycenaean society.
 * The invention of the [|**Phalanx**] and was nessecary for Athens to be victorious over the Persian Army.
 * Astrolabe- calcutated latitude
 * Homer's //Illiad// and //The Odessy//
 * Crane

//** Rome: **//

//**Traditions**//
 * Polytheistic belief system
 * Believed in a pantheon of many deities.
 * Vast commercial empire
 * Patriarchal Society
 * Roman society made extensive use of slave labor: slave made 1/3 of the population
 * Usually the eldest male in a family ruled the household as //pater familias- "//father of the family"
 * Newly rich classes built palatial houses with formal gardens and threw lavish banquets

> Creators: Melissa Wood, Aidan Ling, and Courtney West Evaluators: Mary Mulvey, Meganne Weissenfels, Collin Green Evaluators: Bobby Ferrar, Ross Warren, Hailey Lindsey.... Excellent work. Just fixed some capitalization errors.
 * //Institutions//**
 * Republic: Rome switches from kingdom to republic, an early democratic form of government.
 * Last Etruscan king deposed in 509 B.C.E.
 * Involved elected officials, called Consuls, who dealt in military and civil matters.
 * Pax Romana ("Roman peace")- a long era where peace facilitated economic and political integration from the first to the third century C.E.
 * facilitated trade and communication
 * //Technologies//**
 * Roman engineers had reputation as outstanding road builders
 * The Twelve Tables- a basic law code for citizens of the early republic
 * Invention of concrete, roman roads, roman arches, and aqueducts
 * Most known for aqueducts, dams, bridges, and amphitheaters