D2.+Compare+revolutions,+French,+Haitian,+American


 * French**

- caused by following the //Ancien Regime//. - also caused by widespread famine and malnutrition (rising bread prices!!!) - revolutionaries worked to destroy absolute monarchy. - revolutionaries used enlightened thought to justify the revolution - began after estates general was called and third estate left and created the National Assembly at the tennis court - there the third estate attendies vowed to fight for the revolution till there was change (a.k.a Tennis Court Oath). - during it King Louis XVI was killed - Robespierre was a major revolutionary who killed many and was not a good leader. - He started the Reign of Terror. - the Directory held control during the 2nd to last part of the Revolution. - It was later replaced by the Consulate, which was created by Napolen Bonaparte. - Link to French Revolution on wikipedia.org: French Revolution on WIkipedia.org


 * Haitian**

- Only Succesful slave revolt in history - On the island of Saint-Domingue, a French Sugar plantation - Majority of population slaves and //gens du couleur// (free people of color, including free slaves) - slaves worked very hard, and many ran away to the mountains - //gens du couleur// sent to support Americans against British in war of Independance - came back hoping to reform society - French revolution happened, and fights between settlers and G.D.C (//gens du couleur//) broke out - Voodoo priest Boukman organized slave revolts - bolstered G.D.C ranks - French troops arrive to help settlers, and British/Spanish forces come to take advantage of French misfortune - Leader of G.D.C: Francois-Dominique Toussaint (1744-1803) - called himself Louverture (French word for "the openeing") - Educated - Strong morals (ex: helped his old master escape to a safe place, then joined the slave revolt) - Skilled organizer, built strong army - Played British, French, and Spanish against each other - By 1797, his army controlled most of Saint-Dominique - Wrote a constitution declaring freedom for all people of Saint-Dominique - Did not declare independance from France as to not provoke Napoleon - In 1802, Napoleon sent troops to retake Saint-Dominique - Toussaint tried to negotiate, but was arrested and put in jail, where he died in 1803 of maltreatment - Yellow Fever ravages French troops, and generals succeeding Toussaint drove the remaining French of the island - Declared Independance and named the land "Haiti" meaning "Land of Mountains".


 * American**

-British forces battled in the French and Indian War (1754-1763) which led to the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) - both fought on North American grounds -To pay for amount of money lost the British taxed North American colonists heavily -Parliamentary legislation: caused extreme tension between American Colonists and Britian -[|Sugar Act] - tax on molasses (1764) -[|Stamp Act] - tax on publications and legal documents (1765) -[|Townshed Act] - tax on variety of imported goods (1767) -[|Tea Act] - tax on Tea (1773) -Enforcement of navigational laws- that required cargo to be held in British ships and pass British customs -[|Quartering Act] - required Colonists to provide housing for British troops (1765) -In response to these British policies- colonists argued they should govern themselves -created slogans like: "no taxation without representation" -boycotted British products -[|Boston Tea Party (1773)] -[|Conitental Congress (1774)] - organized and coordinated the colonies' resistance to British policies -1775: British troops and colonial militia fought at Lexington, near Boston. War for American Independence had begun. - 4 July 1776: Continental Congress adopted "The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America" -[|Declaration of Indepence] was highly inspired from Enlightenment political thought -"that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" - It echoed John Locke's theory of government: - argued individuals should be able to secure their rights and holdings within the government - authority and power is from "the consent of the governed" - specified the abuses charged to the british by proclaiming the colonies "Freedom" - The War for independence was uneven when just British againist American. But due to Britians strong hate from others, French forces joined the Americans to fight. - George Washington an American president and military leader who provided strong leadership - American and French forces finally surrounded Britian at Yorktown, Virgina: British surrendered in Octubre 1781 - Peace of Paris formally recongnized American independence - Enlightened thought and will for the freedom of individuals: inspired and formed [|the Constitution of the United States]. -freedom of speech, press, and religion - popular sovereignity government and agreed to follow this written constitution


 * All of the Revolutions**

- caused by popular discontent within the people. - tried to use enlightened thought to justify revolution. - tried to use the power of the masses to succeed (tried to convince peasants). - formed assemblies to try to strengthen and organize cause. - copied other revolutions as a basis on what to do. (ex. French sometimes tried to copy the American revolution)

---Created by: Ryan M, Brad, Ben Evaluators: Katie, Tori, and Nick good info, mostly spelling/grammar errors fixed Evaluators: Coco Abrantes, Joe Rodgers, and Allen Fromlath Fixed one or two minor spelling errors, could use visuals but other than that it was good