D6.+Compare+Marxism+and+Capitalism+and+its+influences+on+society

​Karl Marx

__** COMPARISON ON OF MARXISM AND CAPITALISM AND IT'S INFLUENCES ON SOCIETY **__

CAPITALISM

A. Basics and Nature

· Definition- An economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on the free market in the best way possible. Competitive nature. -started in western Europe: England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands · pushed merchants and manufacturers into competition with one another · encouraged them to recognize businesses to have maximum efficiency · generated wealth · center - market in which businessmen compete with one another · forces of supply and demand determine prices · private parties own everything (private property) and make decisions - father of capitalism: Adam Smith

B. Influences on Society

· sprung from introduction of agriculture and production of surplus crops · population growth and urbanization à economic growth à capitalism · encouraged social change · capitalism strengthened the nuclear family o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">families became more independent - economically, socially, and emotionally o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">love between men and women and the role of parents and children became more important organized new institutions, services, jobs, banks, stock exchange, insurance companies...ect... (for example= east India company) · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">started in context imperialism · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">imperial expansion and colonial rule = crucial development o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">gave them access to natural recourses and commodities that they were later able to distribute · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">created putting out system o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the putting out system introduced considerable amounts of money into countryside - increased profits because it undermind the guilds, who fixed prices. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">-- standard of rural life rose o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">east Europe provided materials and western Europe had machines · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">increased wealth · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">brought material development · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">mass production provided cheaper goods

C. Critiques

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">vast difference in wealth between bourgeoisie and proletariat · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">alienated labor-factoring or piecework production distances/disconnects the laborer from his work (leads to no sense of accomplishment or pride in work) · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">everything (including people) is reduced to monetary value · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">value is skewed o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">use value- least important o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">exchange value- more important o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">sign-exchange value - most important · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">imperialism- military, economic, or cultural domination of one nation for the financial benefit of the dominating nation




 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">MARXISM **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

A. Basics and Nature of Socialism

· <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">__Definition:__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Political and economic theory of social organization based on the collective ownership of the means of production; its origins were in the early nineteenth century, and it differs from communism by a desire for slow or moderate change compared to the communist call for revolution · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Held that social problems were inevitable results of a capitalist economy because capitalism divided people into two main classes - bourgeoisie and proletariat · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">came from trying to alleviate social and economic problems generated by capitalism and industrialization

B. Conception of Marxism/Communism

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">early socialism sought to expand enlightenment understanding of equality to include economic as well as political, legal, and social · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">different views on how to achieve this perfect world o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Utopian Socialists - (first version) focused on one community, made New Lanark into a perfect socialist community o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Karl Marx believed best way to create that perfect utopian society was through revolution

C. Basics and Nature of Marxism/Communism

· <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">__Definition:__ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Philosophy and movement that began in the middle of the nineteenth century with the work of Karl Marx; it has the same general goals as socialism, but it includes the belief that violent revolution is necessary to destroy the bourgeois world and institute a new world run by and for the proletariat. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">believed police forces and laws were agencies of ruling class · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">believed music, art, literature, and religion serve capitalist purposes because the diverge attention from misery · <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Communist Manifesto <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels described the revolution and the overthrow of the bourgeoisie o <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">socialist revolution à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">dictatorship of proletariat (which would abolish private property and capitalist order) à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">state would wither away · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">removed inequalities in representation between rural areas and growing cities Father of Communism- Karl Marx

D. Critiques

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Idea is heroic…but problems in making it a reality (never been a true communist society) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- Overlooked human nature. Good on paper, but when one person is in charge of all the funding, land, etc, he becomes mad with power...Stalin... <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> (Karl Marx)

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