C9.+Analyze+the+relationship+in+Europe+between+the+papacy,+absolute+monarchs+and+enlightened+ideas.

Papacy and Absolute Monarchs: - The Popes backed the New Monarchs, making them incredibly powerful. - Some monarchs aided the Papacy (Ferdinand & Isabella in [|the Spanish Inquisition]) - On the other hand, some monarchs abandoned the church due to the popularity of the [|Protestant Reformation])



__Papacy and Enlightened Ideas:__ - The Papacy did not get along with Enlightened thinkers and their ideas. - Scientists like the Polish astronomer [|Nicholas Copernicus] published works that went against Christian teachings. His treatise //On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres// went argued against the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe, and instead proposed that the universe revolved around the sun. His theory implied that humans didn't occupy the central position in the solar system, which led some to believe that there were other worlds that supported life, which went against the Christian teaching that earth and humanity were uniquely created by God. - In 1517 Martin Luther, a German monk, spoke out against the church for its sale of indulgences (excusing people from pergatory by taking their money) and other customs in his //95 Theses.// That act sparked the Protestant Reformation (see above link), which led to the formation of the Lutheran church and then the reformation of the Catholic church.



__Absolute Monarchs and Enlightened Ideas:__ - Enlightened Ideas were the end of the Absolute Monarchs. - Enlightened political thinkers like [|John Locke] (life, liberty, property) stressed popular soverignty (power to the people), which eventually led to the downfall of absolute monarchs. - Enlightened ideas led to revolutions that eventually established constitutional governments and democracies (see [|The French Revoltion])



Creators: Michael Bigham, Wright Goodwin, Austin Denson Evaluated by Miki, Lindsey, Natalee Evaluated by Justin,Michael,Abby