D8.+Compare+state+building+and+pushes+for+independence+in+the+New+World,+United+States+and+Mexico


 * History Behind Mexican State Building and Nationalism **

I:MEXICAN STATE BUILDING A: Toltec Migration

1: Migrated from n/w mexico 2: Settled at Tula which is near modern day mexico city 3: Depended on rivers for cultivation because of no rainfall 4: Harvested maize, peppers, cotton, potatoes etc... 5: Large army that campaigned in central mexico 6: 10th-12th centuries: very wealthy 7: Residents lived in stone and mud houses 8: Ethnic conflict in 1125 9: 1175: Tula was destroyed by fire 10: Mexica take over after ward.

B: Foundation of Mexica/Aztec society

1: Migrants from northwest regions 2: arrived around mid 13th century 3: were known for kid-napping women and land how sad =( 4: Established Capital at Tenochtitlan around 1345 5: enabled mexicans to establish chinampa systems (dredged fertile muck from lake and built it up into small plots of land to grow crops) 6: the lake around Tenochtitlan protected the residents 7: by 1400s, The Mexica were able to dominate neighbors 8: campaigns were made by Itzquatl 9: advanced southwest region 10: then they turned their attention to Gulf Region 11: ruled 12,000,000 people except city states 12: received food, fur and knives from colonies 13: traded items in distant lands 14: 489 territories gained 15: lowlands of empire supported **vanilla beans** and **cocoa**

C: Aztec Culture

1: Warriors were the wealthiest 2: Hierarchical society 3: communal groups called calpulli work obligated community labor 4: sex roles were patriarchal 5: women were emphasized on child bearing 6: dying during child birth was as honorable as dying in battle 7: mothers were lauded 8: tributary empire 9: military elite came from mexican aristocracy 10: The most successful warriors formed a council that does everything 11: warriors ate the best foods 12: dress reflected social status 13: priests were elite too 14: priests cut people open and fed the hearts to their "gods" 15: morbid ceremonies were seen as crucial to the world

II: CONQUEST BY THE SPANISH

A: **Hernán Cortés**

1: 1519: 450 spanish soldiers were led to mexico 2: they went from V eracruz to T enochtitlan 3: they kidnapped the emperor M otecuzuma 4: Motty died in a skirmish 5: Cortez starved the city into surrender 6: Steel, guns and horses made the conflict 1-sided 7: the spanish had some help from natives who hated mexica B: Epidemic diseases

1: they aided spanish efforts of colonization 2: it raged the capital and sapped the strength of armies 3: came from spanish people 4: made Aztec society unable to function for de population 5: natives died so easily because they did not develop immune systems

C:Religion change

1: Iberian society favored 2: 12 Christian missionaries established in 1524 3: they educated noble children in Latin 4: little resistance against Christianity and failure 5: most natives converted anyway 6: natives thought that their gods abandoned them 7: culture was mixed

D: Society change

1: Iberian society was favored 2: peninsulares stood at the top of social hierarchy 3: Creoles ranked 2nd 4: numbers of Mestizos grew within society 5: imported slaves and conquered peoples ranked at the bottom 6: capital of peru was moved to Lima 7: Mexico City was moved on north of Tenochtitlan

E: New government structure

1: 2 centers of authority: Mexico and Peru 2: each colony was governed by a viceroy (king's representative) 3: viceroys wielded considerable power in the americas 4: audiences inspired viceroy's tactics 5: monarchs exercised less influence than viceroys 6: it took 2 years to respond to anything 7: viceroys obey but do not enforce 8: new cities were led by spanish rule 9: network of bureaucratic control was built 10: jurisdiction is from Mexico city to St. Augustine 11: in peru, affairs from panama to Buenos Aires

III: MEXICAN NATIONALISM

A: Independence from the Spanish

1: sparked by Napoleon's invasion of Iberian Peninsula 2: Led by a parish priest named Miguel de Hidalgo 3: he rallied indigenous and mestizo people against colonial rule 4: he led a mexican peasant revolt 5: social and economic warfare against elites in mexican society 6: conservative creoles executed him but it became an independence symbol 7: september 16th 1810 is Mexico's National holiday 8: official colonial rule ended in 1821 9: Augustine Iturbide declared himself emperor in 1821 10: Creole elites deposed him and established a Republic 11: they formed the Central American Federation untill 1838

B: Territory loss & U.S. Neo-colonialism in Mexico

1: much of the mexican territory was lost after the american-mexican war 2: Mexican territorial claims relinquished in the T**reaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo** 3: Mexico lost **Utah, California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Arizona and parts of Colorado** 4: the major evolution of neo- colonialism concerned pre dominance of U.S. economic affairs in Latin America 5: such companies the U.S. sent were the United fruit co. & the standard oil co. 6: the Mexican painter **Diego Rivera** responded to U.S. actions with his panting "imperialism" 7: U.S. intervention lasted from 1916-1919 C: Mexican government

1: It is a federal representative democratic republic up to this day 2: president is head of state and head of government 3: the political constitution of the United Mexican states was approved on February 5, 1917 4: Venustiano Carranza served as its 1st president under constitutional terms 5: The flag has an **eagle on a cactus eating a snake** 6: Pesos are forms of currency 7: 3 major political parties to this day are the National Action Party(1939), Party of the Democratic Revolution (1989) and The Institutional Revolutionary Party( 1929) 8: Legislative power comes from the congress of union 9: Judicial power comes from Supreme Court of Justice of The Nation


 * United States**

I. Origin of United States - A bunch of European colonies sent to explore and colonize - Became British dominated and were subjected to British authority - Eventually the Enlightenment in Europe spread to new thinkers in the colonies - Tried to peacefully go against the British and establish their own rule - Growing sense of nationalism and anger of the lack of representation in government - Increased British-Colony tension - French revolution proved that Enlightenment ideas could be put into practice - ‘America’ declared independence [Declaration of Independence] which sparked the American Revolution against Britain - America pwned. II. Government/State building - America’s government was founded on Enlightenment ideas and a constitution was written to guide the powers. - America is a representative democracy with state and federal powers - ‘Checks and balances’, all the branches of government equal each other out, no branch gets too powerful. - ‘Manifest Destiny in America’; people thought that it was their destiny to expand America to the west coast - Pushed indigenous people and Mexicans off their land - Unalienable rights; Bill of Rights III. Nationalism - Self-determination – People with similar origins, ideals, language have the right to form sovereign states - American colonists felt united enough to build their own state - Because of this, today nationalism is a very important American ideal. - People were, and still are, proud of our patriotism and this helped form America’s building of its own state. IV. Independence -After the American Revolution the United States declared for independence from Britain in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence Fun Fact: On July 4, 1776 King George III of England wrote the following in a diary entry: "Nothing of importance happened today." -George Washington led the revolution to independence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_%28United_States%29

**New World: The Americas** Latin America: South America: · State Building: o Creation of industries increased terms of growth in the countries o Jesuit missions expanded social and economic extension o Wars of independence called for unifying of all the colonies · Independence: o Inspired by French and American Revolutions o The wars for independence took place 1806-1826 o Achieved 1825 after series of bloody wars against Spanish o Each state warred with the Spanish to gain independence
 * State Building:
 * Political units needed to control violence and rebellions and revolutions stopped from making states
 * There was only one dominant class which meant too many claims of power and more excuses for war
 * Military establishment retained institutional autonomy
 * A state was formed because wars for independence were rising
 * Construction of new states preceded the construction of nations
 * Push for Independence
 * European factors leading to revolution: American Revolution, French Revolution, Napoleon’s push into Spain and Portugal, the Enlightenment
 * Spain put restrictions on trading with foreigners, competing of growing crops, and the competition of the making of goods
 * Spain imposed taxes which annoyed the Creoles
 * After the Spanish empire fell, wars of independence broke out and left dominant creoles in fragments instead of creating new states
 * Latin America used the French Revolution as a model for independence and nationalism
 * Independence was declared on May 14, 1811

Major Leaders of the New World:
 * Jose de [|San Martín,The Knight of the Andes] - South America
 * Simón Bolíva/ El Liberator // - // Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
 * Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla // -Mexico //
 * [|Hipólito Unanue] - Peru
 * [|José de San Martín] - Peru
 * Antonio Jose de Sucre- Ecuador and Bolivia
 * José Gervasio Artigas- East
 * Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia- East
 * Bernardo 0'Higgins- Peru

Gaining of Indepence [] []

YAY Good Job =)

Creators: Ally, Grainger, Josh

Evaluators: Eitan, Lauren, Kaitlyn