E4.+Analyze+the+global+effects+of+the+Western+consumer+society+on+two+areas+outside+of+Europe

=-Africa =

The Atlantic Slave Trade

 * Slavery had always existed in Africa. There was also a large Arab slave trade that existed before the Atlantic Slave Trade, in which Europe was clearly an influential part. [[image:Slave_Trade.jpg width="144" height="161" align="right"]]
 * In **1441**, the first Africans were taken to Europe as slaves. This was under the **Portuguese.** The number of Africans taken was extremely small, and it didn't make a huge impact on Africa until the 1500s.
 * In the 1500s Europe involved the Americas in the slave trade. When the Americas became involved, not only did the number of slaves increase dramatically, but the treatment became much harsher.
 * Many of the slaves taken to the Americas were captives or prisoners of war, and they were all mixed together, regardless of tribe.
 * The Atlantic Slave Trade was part of the even bigger "**Triangular Trade**." The portion of the trade where slaves traveled from Africa to the Americas in known as the **Middle Passage**.
 * As many as 25% of all slaves died during Middle Passage
 * slaves packed into ships
 * forced to lie on their backs for long periods of time
 * Women often raped and mistreated.
 * The Atlantic Slave Trade eventually became illegal, but it continued for many years even after it was banned.
 * However bad the slave trade might have appeared, it did have some **positive effects** on Africa.
 * African kingdoms, mainly the Asante, made a huge **profit** because of the Slave Trade. (They even went as far as to resist the attempts of European powers to end the Slave Trade!)
 * It created a pretext for the Europeans to involve themselves in Africa's affairs because they had the so-called **White Man's Burden**.

** Helpful Links [] [] **

The "Scramble for Africa"
=-Asia =
 * The Portuguese, the leaders of the Age of Exploration, reached the tip of Africa in 1488.
 * They began to colonize large portions of East Africa, as they had already done in West Africa.
 * They set up strong cities in West Africa such as **Mombasa** and **Zanzibar**.
 * As they had followed the Portuguese and Spanish in exploration, the other European societies quickly rushed to colonize Africa.
 * This (this is in the specific time period between **1880-1914**) is generally referred to as the **"Scramble for Africa"**.
 * Europeans **divided Africa** according to their own wishes, and had absolutely no regard for the government systems and areas already divided by the African peoples. They often mistreated the Africans.
 * This created a divided society, and created many problems between different African tribes that were forced to live in close proximity.
 * Although these tribal differences actually worked to the Europeans' advantage, they created issues between the tribes.
 * They never resolved these issues and learned to live in peace together.
 * Europe did cause the Africans to industrialize.
 * other countries, such as Belgium.
 * Though nearly all of the colonies have been released from European control, people in many African countries today speak the languages of the nations that previously occupied their land, such as: French, English, Dutch, etc. As well as dialects that are mixtures of European and indigenous languages, like Afrikaans.

<span style="color: #c16ee2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">India
Sepoy rebellion:[]East India Trading company: []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">India was not greatly effected by Western society until the start of the 16th century when the Portuguese began to **colonize India**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the Portuguese decline in power, The EITC (**East India Trading Company,** who were British), struggled with the Dutch for economic control of India
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">However, a business deal gave England control of India while the Dutch gained the spice rich isles of Indonesia, but the English gained the upper hand when the demand shifted from spices to **textiles.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The British traded opium and cotton out of India, as well as Tea from nearby Ceylon.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After a few conflicts with the locals and other European powers, the EITC gained most of the Indian territories and their rule consisted of using Indians only for manual labor or as guards known as **Sepoys** [[image:sepoy_rebellion.jpg width="171" height="123" align="right"]]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This air of British authority led to segregation and racism
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The EITC's indirect control of India lasted well into the 19th century until the **Sepoy** **Rebellion.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the rebellion the British government assumed direct control and put in place new policies. This was known as the **British Raj.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the Industrial revolution the British also began to **modernize India.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England held India until its independence in 1947
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In short, the Western Consumer Society motivated the imperialism of India which helped unite the Indian states together and also modernized them... although it was a violent experience
 * __Helpful Links__ **

<span style="color: #c16ee2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">China

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ever since Roman times merchants have used the **Silk Road** to bring the much desired Chinese silk back to Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Over the centuries China remained an exporting power house of all sorts of goods from silk to tea.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">However the only import China was really interested in was **silver** from the Americas.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Since Spain was in control of most of the silver trade, England used **opium** from India to open the Chinese markets during the 18th century, which was illegal.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Chinese responded with force starting the first opium war (1839-'42), but a British victory led to the **Treaty of Nanjing** which allowed British trade where they wanted and what they wanted. in China.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tensions still increased and a second opium war erupted, (1856-'60), which China also lost and was forced to agree upon the **Treaty of Tianjin.**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Foreign powers began to set up **Spheres of Influence** (SOI), in which they had indirect control of that particular area's trade
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">SOI lasted until the USA proposed the **Open Door Policy** at the beginning of the 20th century, which allowed everyone free trade in all parts of China. (Keep in mind that China was barely considered in any of these treaties)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The open Door Policy stayed in effect until after WWII when China was officially recognized as a sovereign state. But trade was lost when the communist party took over.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Free trade did not resume until 1978
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Today China is one of the worlds biggest manufacturers of everything from toys to shoes.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In short, because the Western Consumer Society demanded many materials, the West took advantage of an un-modern China, and this abuse fueled Chinese nationalism and paved the way for the communist party.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/KCRC_China_spheres_of_influence.jpg]]Spheres of influence

Creators: Lisa, Ross and Luke Edited by: Jake Gomrick, Gabi Pietkiewicz, and Ray Organ (many very long-winded bullet points, attempted shortening of the mush and cutting of the fluff)